Which document typically assures that a seller has the right to sell their property?

The correct choice is the covenant of seisin. This legal term refers to a guarantee that the seller actually owns the property and has the legal right to convey it. When a seller provides a covenant of seisin, they are asserting that they hold title to the property and have the authority to transfer ownership to a buyer. This covenant is a crucial assurance for the buyer, as it protects them from issues related to ownership and confirms that the seller is indeed the rightful owner.

Other options do serve important roles in real estate transactions but do not specifically ensure the seller's right to sell. The listing agreement establishes the relationship between the seller and the real estate agent, defining the terms of their partnership in selling the property. A title deed serves as the record of property ownership but does not in itself confirm the seller’s authority to sell. Lastly, a purchase contract outlines the terms of the sale between the buyer and seller but assumes that the seller has the right to sell—this assumption is what the covenant of seisin explicitly assures.